Archive for the 'Civil War' Category

Robert E. Lee’s Patrick County Land

Tuesday, July 29th, 2008

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In the third week of April in 1865, two brothers sat at the elder’s home in Powhatan County, Virginia, speaking of their father and discussing editing his memoirs from the American Revolution. The other brother, Sydney, was not present, but all three were in a financial crisis due to the war. The brothers might have regretted selling their land in Patrick, Carroll and Floyd counties before the war. After the Revolutionary War, Buffalo Mountain was a part of a 16,000-acre tract of land known as Lee’s Order. This tract was a grant made to General Henry Lee (1756-1818) by the United States government for his service in the Revolutionary War. Henry Lee III attended Princeton with future president, James Madison, and served as a cavalry commander under George Washington during the American Revolution. Known for his swift movements and lightning attacks he earned the moniker of “Light Horse Harry.” After the war Lee served as Governor of Virginia, but land speculation led to a term in debtors’ prison and a very unhappy end for the man who said Washington was “First in War, first in peace and first in the hearts of his countrymen.” After the death of his wife Ann Hill Carter Lee in 1829, the three brothers inherited the property. There were unpaid taxes and bills against the property, but the brothers kept the land. In 1846, two sold 16,300 acres in the three counties to Nathaniel Burwell of Roanoke County (Patrick County Deed Book 12 page 425) for $5,000. Originally surveyed as over 20,000 acres the Patrick portion was 6,268 near Hog Mountain crossing branches of the south fork of Rock Castle Creek, the Conner Spur Road and a fork of the Dan River. The Floyd portion was 7,143 and Carroll was 5,797 acres. Robert Edward Lee (1809-1870) known to history as the “Gray Fox,” commanded the Army of Northern Virginia during the War Between The States, but his brothers are lesser known. Sydney Smith Lee (1802-1869) married the granddaughter of “Founding Father” George Mason, the Father of the Bill of Rights. He was the father of Jeb Stuart’s subordinate Fitzhugh Lee. Sydney Lee served in the navies of the United States and Confederate States of America. Beginning in 1820 with a midshipman’s commission in the U. S. Navy, he rose in rank serving as Commandant of the Naval Academy, commanding the Philadelphia Naval Yard and accompanying Mathew Perry on his expedition to Japan. He commanded the Norfolk Navy Yard and the Confederate Naval Academy at Drewry’s Bluff during the war. Considered very handsome, his brothers nicknamed him “Rose.” After the war, he farmed in Stafford County, Virginia, before dying suddenly in July 1869. Charles Carter Lee was born in 1798 and received a degree from Harvard in 1819. He lived a disjointed life as a New York City lawyer, land speculator, plantation owner in Mississippi until his marriage at age 49 to Lucy Penn Taylor. He lived on his wife’s inheritance, Windsor Forest, in Powhatan County prospering as a husband, father, farmer and writer, especially of poetry. Of the three Lee brothers, only Carter lived on the land in Floyd County. Papers supplied from the courthouse by the Honorable Gino Williams indicate that Carter tried to establish a grist mill on the land and that he was involved in legal dealings with Archibald Stuart, father of James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stuart. Tradition states he lived on the Buffalo Mountain property at one time in a home called Spring Camp and that he had a law office. Carter was last of Henry and Ann Lee’s children to die, but Robert may have summed up the ownership of the land in southwest Virginia and the plight of the three brothers after the war when he said, “It’s a hard case that out of so much land, none should be good for anything…”

Virginia Civil War Sesquicentennial Commission

Friday, July 25th, 2008

The General Assembly of Virginia created the Virginia Sesquicentennial of the American Civil War Commission in 2006 (HB 1440) to prepare for and commemorate the sesquicentennial of Virginia’s participation in the American Civil War. The years 2011 - 2015 will mark the 150th anniversary of the American Civil War, the battles of which were fought from 1861 - 1865. Yet the issues leading up to the war developed over centuries, and legacies of the war’s aftermath continue today. The goal of the Virginia sesquicentennial commemoration of the Civil War is to understand this past by examining the many facets of the war, as we come together to embrace our future.
http://www.virginiacivilwar.org/index.php 

Read James I. “Bud” Robertson Jr.’s comments to the commission in 2006

http://www.virginiacivilwar.org/education.php
 

 

Bud on YouTube

Thursday, July 24th, 2008

The link is James I. Robertson Jr. of Virginia Tech talking about “Why The Civil War Still Lives On.”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AT0YUYQ9e1w

Here are Bud and I at Stuart’s Birthplace many years ago

www.freestateofpatrick.com/laurelhill.wmv

Laura Gets Her Marker

Thursday, May 15th, 2008

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Photography does not do the women of that era much justice, but there are exceptions to every rule. One of them is Laura Ratcliffe. For a photo from that time period she is just beautiful in my humble opinion. Her beauty and charm no doubt came in handy for J. E. B. Stuart and John Mosby during the War Between the States as one can imagine naïve Union officers spilling their guts to a single Southern woman. This information immediately came into the data collected by the cavalry of Army of Northern Virginia commanded by Stuart and was no doubt used to further the war effort of Virginia and the South.

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In the recent edition of the Southern Cavalry Review, the newsletter of the Stuart-Mosby Historical Society I noticed that Laura Ratcliffe was recognize with a Virginia Historical Highway Marker on my birthday last year. The Laura Ratcliffe Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy dedicated the marker near the gravesite. After four years the marker was placed and an open house was held at Merrybrook, Laura’s home from 1869 until her death in August 1923. Interestingly, Stuart’s widow Flora Cooke passed in May 1923.
Virginia Historic Highway Marker C 24 reads thus: “Confederate spy Laura Ratcliffe was born in Fairfax County in 1836. During the Civil War, she became an acquaintance of Maj. Gen. J. E. B. Stuart who introduced her to then Lt. John Mosby in 1862. Mosby credited her with preventing his capture early in 1863, noting, “My life as a partisan would have closed that day.” Ratcliffe and other informants provided Mosby and his Partisan Rangers (43rd Battalion, Virginia Cavalry) important information that helped them raid Union outposts, communications and supply lines. She married Milton Hanna in 1890. Ratcliffe died in 1923 and is buried here/nearby in a family cemetery.”
James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stuart wrote letters to Laura Ratcliffe that are in the Library of Congress. http://lccn.loc.gov/mm79005836  
Laura Ratcliffe Hanna’s only surviving home Merrybrook is still standing. Here is a link to it and a story in the Washington Post. http://lauraratcliffe.org/Merrybrook.html Laura is buried in an unmarked grave near the entrance to a Marriott near Dulles Airport in NOVA. Here is a link to the cemetery.  http://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/library/branches/vr/cem/cem064.htm
Here are some links and blogs about Laura Ratcliffe
http://stuart-mosby.org/ratcliffe.htm


http://civilwarwomen.blogspot.com/2006/09/laura-ratcliffe.html

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/10/AR2007041001948_pf.html

   
    

James T. W. Clement and the 6th Virginia Cavalry

Thursday, March 27th, 2008

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Americans will often travel for hours to visit a place that is not as interesting as a place right in their own neighborhood. Growing up in Ararat, Virginia, Hunter’s Chapel Church about one mile north of Laurel Hill, the birthplace of J. E. B. Stuart in Patrick County community is such a source of history right before our eyes. The cemetery at Hunter’s Chapel contains the mortal remains of James T. W. Clement, Company E, Sixth Virginia Cavalry. Recently, I looked into his service record after having him part of my life for years, but never paying much attention to this Civil War veteran. Serving in the Pittsylvania Dragoons, Clement enlisted in April 1862. He witnessed many memorable events during the Civil War. He like many of the members of Company E was at two sad places for the Confederate cavalry during the war. On June 6, 1862, Company E stationed on the Port Republic Road witnessed the death of the Virginia cavalryman Turner Ashby. In fact, members of the company carried the fallen “Knight of the Valley” off the battlefield that day. Union forces captured Clement that summer and exchanged him in December 1862. His record reports him absent wounded in December 1863. The battle of Yellow Tavern on May 11, 1864, called “the darkest day I have seen” by one member of the Sixth Virginia resulted in the capture of thirty men from the regiment about the time Colonel Henry Pate lost his life just after shaking hands with his commanding officer. The two men had been at odds and reconciled just before both suffered mortal wounds. The former antagonists met eight years earlier when the commander rescued Pate from the clutches of anti-slavery fanatic John Brown in Kansas. After Pate’s death Clement fell into Union hands when captured at Yellow Tavern. Clement may have been among sixty men who made a last stand during the battle so the Southern forces could flee the field was later exchanged near the end of October 1864. Major General James Ewell Brown Stuart of Patrick County, Pate and Clement’s commanding officer that day at Yellow Tavern, suffered a mortal wound moments after shaking Pate’s hand and giving Company E of the 6th Virginia Cavalry and James Clement the dubious distinction of being present when Stuart and Ashby both met their ends. Recent scholarship by Robert E. L. Krick concluded that John Huff, the man given claim by his commanding General George A. Custer, did not shoot Stuart. I have often thought what it would be like to spend a few moments with Clement or other veterans of war and persuade them to speak of what they saw right before their eyes. Did he relive the war imagining the horror and the glory he witnessed and the sadness he must have felt being present when both of these Southern cavalrymen met their ends leading troops into battle.   

 

J. E. B. Stuart’s Boyhood Friend: David French Boyd

Monday, March 10th, 2008

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Between 1845-1848, James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stuart spent three years in Wythe and Pulaski Counties in Southwest Virginia going to school. During his time in Wytheville, Virginia, named for Thomas Jefferson’s mentor George Wythe, Stuart made a friend. His name was David French Boyd (1834-1899).  Boyd’s papers contain a manuscript titled The Boyhood of J. E. B. Stuart detail his friendship with Stuart. Boyd described his friend “Jim” or James Stuart as independent, sturdy and self-reliant with energy, fortitude, rugged honesty and courage along with common sense. Boyd portrayed Stuart’s focus and competitive nature describing a game of marbles, where Boyd says he never tried harder to win a fight than he did to win a game of marbles. He tells of Stuart’s sense of humor when he got into a fight with a smaller quicker boy who grabbed Stuart by the hair and threw gravel about his head. Stuart feigned injury as he saw the schoolmaster approaching. Stuart grinned at his fighting partner from behind the schoolmaster as he took switches to Stuart’s antagonist, who happened to be David F. Boyd. Stuart’s fun loving nature got him into trouble, but he made the most of it as Boyd described a whipping that Mr. Buckingham gave him was so minor that Stuart cried out “ludicrously” in pain. One story had Boyd and Stuart on top of a chicken coop in Wytheville one day studying Latin, when Stuart suddenly started dancing around the roof. He grabbed Boyd and gave him such a whirl that the latter fell off the building knocking him unconscious. Stuart leaped down regretting his action telling Boyd, “Oh, I didn’t mean to do it. I wouldn’t have hurt you for the world.” Another connection to the Stuart Family involves a romantic liaison. Tradition holds that Boyd was engaged to Ellen Spiller, but when the engagement ended, he left Wythe County. Ellen Spiller married Stuart’s cousin Alexander S. Brown and later became the second wife of William Alexander Stuart. In 1860 Boyd made his way south to Louisiana. David French Boyd and his brother Thomas Duckett Boyd (1854-1932) became members of the faculty at Louisiana State University and its predecessor the Seminary of Learning of the State of Louisiana in Pineville, which was near Alexandria, Louisiana. The Superintendent before the Civil War was future Union General William T. Sherman. During the war, Union forces captured Boyd twice. After the first capture, tradition holds that Sherman released him due to their pre-war friendship. When the war ended in 1865, the school reopened with D. F. Boyd as Superintendent. He remained at the school until 1880 when he resigned or was dismissed depending on where you read about it. Boyd went to Auburn University as President, but returned to LSU in 1884. Over the next thirteen years, David F. Boyd came and went at LSU before his death in 1899. Today, two buildings on campus bear the names of the Boyd brothers and the Boyd Professorships are the highest faculty rank at the home of the “Bayou Bengal Tigers.” The nickname of the athletic teams comes from the Louisiana troops in Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia. Boyd rests in Magnolia Cemetery in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

Remembering Burke Davis

Saturday, March 8th, 2008

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On the day that UNC-Chapel Hill plays Duke in basketball I though it was appropriate to remember Burke Davis, a Carolina grad who pulled for Duke. This appreciation was written when I found out about his death. 

Recently, my old friend Stephen G. Willis, who now lives south of Richmond with his wife Susan and two children, emailed me with the news that Burke Davis had died. Steve wanted to know if I had read the biography of Marine Chesty Puller, one of the forty-seven books written by Davis, and if not Steve, the former U. S. Army tank driver, would send it to me. Steve felt that since my new son in law Casey Wilson had served in the Marine Corps that I should read it. Steve loves to tell people that as kids he read J. E. B. Stuart, The Last Cavalier by Burke Davis before the “Founder” of the J. E. B. Stuart Birthplace. Steve was also the first person to give money to save Laurel Hill, Stuart’s Birthplace in Ararat, Virginia. What many people might not know is for many years Davis and his wife lived in Meadows of Dan overlooking the Rock Castle Gorge across the gorge from the pull off along the Blue Ridge Parkway in Patrick County, Virginia, where J. E. B. Stuart was born.
The obituary read simply “Walter Burke Davis, Jr., age 93, writer and historian, died August 18, 2006 in Greensboro, North Carolina.” W. Burke Davis meant more to me than I could ever put in words. He was the person that brought James Ewell Brown Stuart to life for me and many others in his 1957 book J. E. B. Stuart, The Last Cavalier, but he was more than simply the author of the book. In 1990, Judge Peter Hairston took me with him to Chapel Hill to the North Carolinian Society meeting where Burke Davis received an award. The excitement I felt on meeting Davis was akin to my daughter Ashley being turned loose in a shopping mall with her father’s money. I explained to Burke Davis my plans to preserve Stuart’s Birthplace in Ararat and he heartily endorsed our efforts.
 

Over the next few years Burke and his lovely wife Judy showed up at events in support of the preservation of Stuart’s Birthplace. At the first encampment, Burke Davis was seen with a grandchild along the Ararat River explaining who Stuart was to his offspring without ever telling us he was there. During talks such as when James I. Robertson, Jr. spoke at the Reynolds Homestead for the Birthplace, there in the audience quietly taking it all in were Burke and Judy. During the first two years of fund raising for the Birthplace, a royalty check from his publisher for his part of the proceeds for his book on Stuart would arrive signed over the Birthplace. Finally, one of the proudest documents I possess is a letter from Burke to J. E. B. Stuart IV expressing confidence in me and the effort to preserve Laurel Hill.


Walter Burke Davis, Jr. came into the world in Durham, North Carolina as the son of to W. B. and Harriet Jackson Davis. The family moved to Greensboro in 1919 and he was educated in the city’s public schools and later attended Duke University and Guilford College. He graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1937 with a degree in journalism. Burke Davis was that rarest of men, a UNC grad that pulled for the Duke Blue Devils. I use to say tongue in cheek that he overcame his education.
 

He worked for twenty-seven years as a newspaper man was on the Charlotte News, the Baltimore Evening Sun and the Greensboro Daily News. Davis also served as a special writer for the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation and wrote a history of the Southern Railway for the railroad. Davis was a co-founder of the Sarah P. Duke Gardens of Duke University and a board member of the North Carolina Botanical Garden in Chapel Hill. Horticulture, the care of ornamental and vegetable gardens, was among his chief interests. He served as a Juror for Biography for the Pulitzer Prizes in the 1980s. He was named a Distinguished Alumnus of Guilford College and received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Greensboro College.


He was preceded in death by three sisters, Marjorie Hulton, Virginia King and Marian D. Plummer. He is survived by the former Juliet Halliburton Burnett; his wife of 24 years, which time he referred to as “My halcyon days.” Additional survivors are two children of a previous marriage, Angela Davis-Gardner of Raleigh, North Carolina, and Walter Burke Davis, III and his wife, Kelly Cherry of Halifax, Virginia. Davis leaves four grandchildren: Sarah D. (Mrs. Jason) Long and Kathryn D. (Mrs. Matthew) Brigger, both of Clarksburg, Maryland,  D. Williams of Broad Run, VA, and Heath Gardner of Raleigh, North Carolina. There are two great-grandchildren. Other survivors who have welcomed him into their lives are his stepson, Timothy B. Burnett and wife, Jane of Greensboro, and their daughters, Allison (Mrs. Brenton L.) Smith and her husband of New York, Catherine Burnett of Chapel Hill and Elizabeth Burnett of New York, Also especially close in his affection are the children of his step-daughter, Miranda B. Miles, Brian Miles and his wife, Clara of Niceville, Florida and Hallie Miles Bouchard and her husband, Marcian of Durham. There are also four great-grandchildren. The last time I saw Burke Davis and his wife Judy was at a performance of Frank Levering’s play The Last Cavalier based on Burke’s book now nearly fifty years old. It was appropriate that the last time I saw him was at this wonderful production based on his writings about Patrick County’s most famous son because without him many of us would not know “Jeb” Stuart. One line from Frank’s play came to mind as I thought about our recently departed friend and wrote this appreciation. When Stuart describes his tall Prussian Heros Von Borcke being wounded, “a giant has fallen.” 
Burke Davis was the author of 47 books, chiefly military history and biography, but also wrote historical and natural history works for young readers. Davis is best known for his books on the Civil War, all of which remain in print after fifty years. Davis won the Mayflower Award in 1959 for his book, To Appomattox: Six April Days as the best non-fiction work by a North Carolina writer. He is the only person ever named to the North Carolina Hall of Fame in both literature and journalism. He was named Distinguished Alumnus of Guilford College and received an honorary degree of Doctor of Humane Letters from Greensboro College. A number of his books were presented to the White House Library by the American Library Association. For many years his titles were among the Fifty Notable Books as listed annually by The New York Times. Burke Davis rests today in Greensboro’s Forest Lawn Cemetery next door to the Guilford Courthouse Battlefield he wrote about and the place J. E. B. Stuart’s great-grandfather Major Alexander Stuart was captured by Banastre Tarleton during the 1781 battle.  At his request there was no memorial service. If you knew Burke Davis you would understand why. I never met anyone with so many reasons not to be humble that was. Once I asked him to come speak for the Birthplace and he declined saying with a wink and a big smile that he had “lost his marbles.” He commented that no one would be interested in hearing him speak. He could not have been more incorrect about anything in his life. When Ken Burns was looking around for a Southerner to be a “talking head” for his monumental PBS series called The Civil War, Burke Davis was going to do it if Shelby Foote declined. The mere fact that his books are still in print speaks to his talents as a writer and a historian. His book on Stuart holds up nearly fifty years after publication as the most readable and one of the best researched of the five soon to be six biographies (Jeffrey Wert is writing a new one) of the man from Patrick County.  W. Burke Davis was proud he chose “The Free State of Patrick” as home and we should be too. I will miss him, but we still have him in nearly fifty readable books. If you could look up what a “Southern” gentleman and a scholar should be, you would find Burke Davis.

 For more information about Burke Davis and his writings visit the following website. http://www.ncwriters.org/services/lhof/inductees/bdavis.htm
 

Steve’s mother the lovely Carol Young Willis Clement gave me the book on Chesty Puller this week, which got me thinking about Burke.    

 

Jonathan Hanby Carter

Sunday, February 10th, 2008

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In May 1853, J. E. B. Stuart wrote from the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York to his cousin Bettie Hairston, “A few days ago I had a visit from an old friend and neighbor Jonathon Carter now a Lieutenant in the Navy on the eve of starting out in Ringgold’s expedition to Bering’s Straights to be absent four years. He looked better than I ever saw him and seemed to anticipate a fine time.” Jonathan Hanby Carter was born on January 1, 1821 in Surry County, North Carolina, this author believes in a house on Old Rail Road near White Pines Country Club, but his family roots where in Patrick County. Susannah Hanby, whose father was Jonathan Hanby married William Carter, the man O. E. Pilson called the “Father of Patrick County” in 1788. These were Jonathan Hanby Carter’s grandparents. William Carter II married Elizabeth Moore and lived in the northern part of Surry County, North Carolina. There still many signs of the Carters in Patrick County. Anytime you travel south from Stuart on Route 8 you will pass Carter’s Mountain on the right just before you reach the intersection with Highway 103 and if you proceed onto Ararat you pass the Carter Cemetery just after crossing the Dan River on the left of the Ararat Highway.  I had never heard of Jonathan Carter until reading Stuart’s letter, but since I have found him to be fascinating and one of the great historical finds that my time with Jeb Stuart has ever brought me. Carter was in the first graduating class at the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland in 1846. He traveled the world rising to the rank of Lieutenant in the navy of the United States for fifteen years and eventually resigned in 1861 with the outbreak of the Civil War. He commanded ironclads in the navy of the Confederate States of America on the Mississippi and Red rivers. Mathew C. Perry led several expeditions to the Far East to open up China and Japan. Cadwalader Ringgold (1802-1867) led an expedition of five ships beginning in 1853 to survey the western Pacific for the whaling industry. Carter served on the USS Powhatan during the expedition. Carter began his naval career in March 1840. He traveled the world rising to the rank of Lieutenant in the navy of the United States serving on the USS Powhatan, USS John Adams, USS Perry, USS St Lawrence and USS Savannah. While traveling the world Carter kept in touch with his family and roots in Patrick County. The 1859 Patrick County Land Books reports him owning 100 acres worth $100. The Patrick County Deed Book #17 shows him acting as Power attorney for two of his brothers the next year.  On April 25, 1861, Jonathan Hanby Carter resigned his commission in the United States Navy and began his second naval career in the Confederate States Navy. His first command involved taking the Ed Howard, a side-wheel steamship and turning it into the CSS General Polk. The six-gun ship patrolled the Mississippi River and Louisiana coast in the first two years of the war. After fighting in the Battle of Island #10 on the Mississippi River in March 1862, Carter escaped seventy-five miles up the Yazoo River and burned the ship to avoid its capture.By October, he was building another ship. In April 1863, Carter launched the CSS Missouri on the Red River near Shreveport, Louisiana. He supervised all aspects of its construction and commanded through the end of the war. The ironclad ship carried three guns: one eleven inch, one nine inch gun and one thirty-two pounder. A Union officer described the ship as “very formidable” but “very slow.” Carter’s command included 24 officers and 18 men, but it was not very exciting mainly due to low water in the Red River keeping the ship from participating in any major campaigns.  Carter became so bored that in February 1864 he wrote, “Feeling desirous of doing my country more effective service I must respectfully request that Steamer Harriet Lane now lying in Galveston harbor be turned over to me for the purpose of running her to some European port and there altering her as to make an efficient cruiser.” During the war, he wrote over 262 letters edited by Katherine B. Jeter in A Man and His Boat: The Civil War Letters of Jonathan H. Carter. Jonathan Hanby Carter surrendered on May 26, 1865. The CSS Missouri was the last Confederate ship to surrender in home waters. After the war, Carter farmed in Louisiana, married Henrietta Tompkins in 1870 and settled near Edgefield, South Carolina where he died in March 1884. In Edgefield’s First Baptist Church cemetery, Carter lays near South Carolina’s Civil War Governor Frances Pickens and cavalry general Mathew C. Butler, the man who saved J. E. B. Stuart at Brandy Station in June 1863 bringing this story full circle. I had never heard of Jonathan Hanby Carter until reading Stuart’s letter. I have found him to be fascinating and one of the great historical finds that my time with Stuart has ever brought me. Travels to Annapolis and the Naval Research Library in Washington D. C. followed. Every time I visit my mother’s family in Augusta, Georgia, I make the short trip to Edgefield, South Carolina, where I visit two graves. My late Uncle and Aunt Ed and Pat Hobbs, who rest in Edgefield County and Jonathan Hanby Carter, Surry County’s Civil War Sailor shares the same soil of the Palmetto State.Learn more about Edgefield, South Carolina and my recent visit there.http://www.freestateofpatrick.com/edgefield